Research progress on the role of autophagy pathway in acute renal injury and targeted treatment strategies / 中国综合临床

Autophagy is a highly conserved intracellular catabolic process used to degrade cytoplasmic components. In recent years, it has attracted much attention because of its importance in the pathogenesis and targeted therapy of acute and chronic kidney disease. Autophagy plays an important role in maintaining renal homeostasis under physiological and pathological conditions. The study of conditional autophagy related gene knockout specific to various renal cells has gradually revealed the role of autophagy in renal diseases. Recent studies have found that autophagy deficiency may play a key role in different pathological states of the kidney. Activated autophagy shows cytoprotective function in both glomerulus and renal tubulointerstitium, suggesting that the up regulation of autophagy may become a potential therapeutic strategy. However, there is also contrary evidence that autophagy may be harmful, which poses a great challenge to the development of therapeutic strategies for up-regulated autophagy.

Banxia Xiexintang and Its Disassembled Prescriptions Regulate Colonic Mucosal Immunity in Young Rats with Flora Disorder / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo explore the therapeutic effect and possible mechanism of Banxia Xiexintang and its disassembled prescriptions in regulating the flora disorder induced by mixed antibiotics in young rats. MethodSeventy male BALB/C young rats were randomly assigned into 7 groups： blank group， model group， Bifidobacterium tetralogy viable tablets （0.68 g·kg-1） group， Banxia Xiexintang （9.1 g·kg-1） group， Xinkai （3.19 g·kg-1） group， Kujiang （1.82 g·kg-1） group， and Ganbu （4.1 g·kg-1） group， with 10 rats in each group. Except the blank group， the other groups were given mixed antibiotics by gavage to induce intestinal flora disorder. After 14 days， the rats in different drug groups were administrated with corresponding drugs by gavage， and those in the blank group and model group with the same amount of normal saline once a day for 14 days. After that， fecal samples were collected aseptically for 16S rDNA sequencing of intestinal flora， and lipopolysaccharide （LPS， 10 mg·kg-1） was injected intraperitoneally to induce inflammatory reaction. The tissue morphology of colonic mucosa was observed via hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining， and the macrophage infiltration of colonic mucosa was observed via toluidine blue staining and immunohistochemistry. The expression of interleukin-1β （IL-1β）， interleukin-6 （IL-6）， interleukin-8 （IL-8）， tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α）， and interleukin-10 （IL-10） mRNA were determined by real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR）. ResultCompared with the blank group， the modeling changed the intestinal flora structure of the young rats （P<0.01）， damaged the colonic mucosa， reduced the macrophage infiltration， and down-regulated the mRNA levels of IL-1β， IL-6， IL-8， TNF-α， and IL-10 （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， bifidobacterium quadruple viable tablets， Banxia Xiexintang and its disassembled prescriptions increased the diversity of intestinal flora and the relative abundance of beneficial bacteria such as Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes （P<0.01）. At the same time， they ameliorated colonic mucosal injury （P<0.05， P<0.01）， increased macrophage infiltration （P<0.05， P<0.01）， and up-regulated the mRNA levels of IL-6， IL-8， and TNF-α （P<0.01）. The mRNA level of IL-1β was up-regulated in Bifidobacterium tetralogy viable tablets， Banxia Xiexintang， Kujiang， and Ganbu groups （P<0.01）， and that of IL-10 was up-regulated in Bifidobacterium tetralogy viable tablets， Banxia Xiexintang， Xinkai， and Ganbu groups （P<0.01）. ConclusionBanxia Xiexintang and the disassembled prescriptions can adjust the intestinal flora of young rats exposed to antibiotics and protect the immune barrier of colonic mucosa after intestinal flora disorder. In particularly， the whole prescription of Banxia Xiexintang demonstrates the best performance.

n-3 Polyunsaturated fatty acid attenuates hyperhomocysteinemia-induced hepatic steatosis by increasing hepatic LXA / 生理学报

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) both are major health problems worldwide, whose incidence are closely related with each other. We previously reported the mechanism of HHcy-caused hepatic steatosis, but the role of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (n-3 PUFA) in HHcy-induced hepatic steatosis remains unclear. In this study, 6-week-old C57BL/6 male mice were given a high methionine diet (HMD, 2% methionine diet), and plasma homocysteine levels were measured by ELISA to confirm the establishment of an HHcy model. Meantime, mice were fed HMD with or without n-3 PUFA supplement for 8 weeks to determine the role and mechanism of n-3 PUFA in hepatic steatosis induced by HHcy. Results showed that n-3 PUFA significantly improved hepatic lipid deposition induced by HHcy. qRT-PCR analysis demonstrated that n-3 PUFA inhibited the upregulation of Cd36, a key enzyme of fatty acid uptake, caused by HHcy. Further, the inhibition of hepatic Cd36 expression was associated with the inactivation of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (Ahr) induced by n-3 PUFA. Of note, mass spectrometry revealed that hepatic content of lipoxin A

Development and validation of a novel and simple RP-HPLC method for the determination of related substances of tiopronin for injection / 中国药科大学学报

@#In this paper, a novel and simple RP-HPLC method for the determination of related substances of tiopronin for injection was described. The RP-HPLC analysis was performed on a C18 column, with acetonitrile-0. 1% phosphoric acid(8 ∶92), mobile phase in isocratic mode at a rate of 1. 0 mL/min. The photodiode array detector was set at 210 nm. Seven related substances were detected and the structures were characterized by mass spectrometry. The method showed great suitability, specificity and excellent linearity over the concentration range of 0. 3 to 50 μg/mL(r≥0. 999), and the limits of detection and quantitation were found to be 0. 10 and 0. 31 μg/mL, respectively. The accuracy of the method determined by the entire mean recovery ranged from 98. 7% to 103. 7%. The intra-and inter-day precision was satisfactory(RSD≤4. 4%)and robust(RSD≤6. 4%). And this method was successfully applied for the determination of related substances of tiopronin for injection, which revealed the retention of sulfhydryl compounds and glycine analogues on the RP-HPLC and the effect of the pH value of the mobile phase on the chromatographic behavior of the analytes.

Dynamic visual analysis of neutrophils chemotaxis in peritoneal cavity of schizophrenic model in mice / 北京大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To compare the differences of neutrophils chemotaxis ability in peritoneal cavity between normal rats and schizopherenic rats with cell dynamic visualization system.@*METHODS@#In the study,18 healthy Kunming rats were randomly divided into 3 groups which were control group (n=6), 0.3 mg/kg MK-801 treatment group (n=6), 0.6 mg/kg dizocilpine maleate (MK-801) treatment group(n=6), extracted neutrophils separately, and observed the morphology and counted under a microscope. Each group of cells was divided into two parts for chemotactic experiment, called chemokine agent treatment group and no chemokine agent treatment group respectively, indicating control 1, 0.3 mg/kg MK-801 treatment 1,0.6 mg/kg MK-801 treatment 1 and control 2, 0.3 mg/kg MK-801 treatment 2,0.6 mg/kg MK-801 treatment 2. The dynamic migration of cells was recorded using the NIS-Elements software, and TAXIScan Analyzer 2 software was used to select 30 cells (n=30) in each group of cells and analyze cells migration trajectory, speed and distance, and use pair test and One-Way analysis of variance for statistical analysis.@*RESULTS@#The number of neutrophils in control group, 0.3 mg/kg MK-801 treatment group and 0.6 mg/kg MK-801 treatment group were(1.00±0.03)×104/mL,(0.05±0.02)×104/mL,(0.32±0.01)×104/mL respectively, the differences of results were statistically significant(P<0.05).Under the effect of chemotactic agent,the directional migration capability of neutrophils in control group 1, 0.3 mg/kg MK-801 treatment group 1 and 0.6 mg/kg MK-801 treatment group 1 were(0.85±0.11) radian,(1.00±0.11) radian,(0.96±0.10) radian respectively (P<0.05); the migration velocities of neutrophils were (0.09±0.02) μm/s,(0.12±0.01) μm/s,(0.14±0.01) μm/s respectively (P<0.05);the migration distances of neutrophils were (94.26±0.02) μm,(134.61±0.01) μm,(156.19±0.01) μm respectively(P<0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#Compared with neutrophils in peritoneal cavity of control group, the neutrophils in peritoneal cavity of schizophrenic rats have stronger chemotactic movement ability.

Correlations between work engagement and transformational leadership among PICC specialized nurses / 现代临床护理

Objective To explore the correlations between work engagement and transformational leadership among PICC specialized nurses.Method A total of 176 PICC specialized nurses recruited from Shandong Province by convenience sampling method were involved in the study by the Utrecht work engagement scale (UWES-9) and transformational leadership scale.Results The average scores of work engagement and transformational leadership were (39.21±11.56) and (89.68±23.52).Work engagement dedication and absorption were positively correlated to transformational lendership (P＜0.05).Conclusion Hospital administrators should plan a clear direction for the development of the PICC specialized nurses to enhance their work engagement.

Erythropoietin in the integrative treatment of chronic kidney disease:research advances / 国际药学研究杂志

Erythropoietin (EPO) is traditionally d escribed as a hematopoietic cytokine or growth hormone regulating proliferation, differentiation, and survival of erythroid progenitors. The use of EPO in patients with chronic kidney disease(CKD) was a milestone achievement in the treatment of anemia. A growing number of clinical trials aimed at anemia management have assessed the potential benefits of EPO in reducing the loss of kidney function and also the incidence of cardicvascular disease (CVD) in CKD patients. Analysis of the biological effects of EPO and pathophysiology of CKD in these studies suggests that treatment with EPO exerts cellular protection, immune regulation by pleiotropic actions on several targets and directly or indirectly slows the progression of CKD and reduces CVD-related mortality. The aim of this article is to discuss these possible protection mechanisms and provides a comprehensive overview of EPO.

Experiences of patients with abnormal extubation of PICC tubes: A qualitative study / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective To explore the experiences of patients with abnormal extubation of PICC tubes.Methods Fifteen patients with abnormal extubation of PICC tubes participated in the semi-structure interviews.Data were analyzed by Nancy's phenomenological procedure.Results The patients experienced complicated mood which combined negative experience and positive experience,with complainant,helpless,worry,fear for negative experience,relieved,secure for positive experience.Conclusions Patients with abnormal extubation possessed negative experience.Suggestions should be given to nursing staff to communicate with patients before the extubation in order to reduce the dispute of nurses and patients.At the same time,we should summarize the reasons and analyze the factors about the abnormal extubation,and take the targeted intervention measures in the clinical work to decrease the incidence rate of PICC extubation.

The effects of total flavonoids of astragalus on the apoptosis of vascular endothelial cells induced by serum of uremia patient / 国际检验医学杂志

Objective To explore the effect of total flavonoids of astragalus (TFA) on the apoptosis of endothelial cells induced by serum of uremia patient .Methods The serum of 22 healthy volunteers and 25 uremia patients receiving regularly hemodialysis were enrolled in the study .HUVECs were used as research objects ,which were divided into control group(adding serum of healthy people when cell synchronized) and uremia group (adding serum of uremia patient when cell synchronized ) .Low dose ,moderate dose and high dose group were prepared by adding 0 .5 ,1 .0 ,2 .0 mg/mL TFA respectively 6 h before cell synchronization .After 24 hours′culture since the serum were added ,the morphological change of endothelial cells were observed by microscopy ,proliferation activities were tested by using MTT ,SOD activities were tested by using xanthine oxidase method ,NO levels were measured by u-sing nitrate reductase colorimetric method ,DNA damage was detected by using comet assay ,the morphological change of apoptosis was observed by using TUNEL method .Results Compared with the control group ,the proliferation activity ,SOD activity ,NO lev-els were lower in uremia group(P< 0 .01) ,DNA tailing rate ,apoptosis index(AI) significantly increased (P<0 .01) .Compared with cells of uremia group ,cell proliferation activity of all the TFA intervention groups increased (P<0 .05) ,NO levels also in-creased (P<0 .01) .Compared with uremia group ,moderate and high dose group′s SOD activity increased (P<0 .05) ,DNA damage tailing rate decreased (P<0 .05) .Conclusion Total flavonoids of astragalus reduces apoptosis of HUVECs induced by serum of uremia patient ,the possible mechanism is associated with the decrease of oxidative stress .

Protective effect of baicalin solid dispersion on D-galactosamine induced acute hepatic injury in mice / 中国中西医结合杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the protective effect of baicalin solid dispersion (BSD) on D-galactosamine (D-GalN) induced acute hepatic injury in mice, and to compare it with baicalin alone.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Sixty mice were randomly divided into six groups, i.e., the normal control group, the D-GalN model group, the bifendate group (at the daily dose of 200 mg/kg), the baicalin group (at the daily dose of 50 mg/kg), the low dose BSD group (at the daily dose of 50 mg/kg), and the high dose BSD group (at the daily dose of 100 mg/kg), 10 in each group. 0.5% CMC-Na at 20 mL/kg was administered to mice in the normal group and the model group by gastrogavage, while corresponding medication was administered to mice in the other three groups by gastrogavage. Seven days after administration, acute hepatic injury model was induced by intraperitoneal injection of D-GalN. The liver index and the spleen index were calculated. The serum activities of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and asparate aminotransferase (AST), the contents of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in the liver homogenate were measured. The pathological changes of the liver tissue were observed by HE staining.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared with the normal control group, widespread inflammation and necrosis was significant in the liver tissue of the D-GalN model group; the liver index, serum ALT and AST levels and hepatic MDA content obviously increased, hepatic SOD activity decreased, showing statistical difference (P < 0.05). Compared with the model group, the liver index, the serum levels of ALT and AST, and hepatic MDA decreased, hepatic SOD increased, the degree of hepatic tissue injury was significantly improved in the low dose and high dose BSD groups. Besides, better effects were obtained in the low dose BSD group than in the baicalin group with statistical difference (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>BSD could significantly protect D-GalN induced acute hepatic injury of mice, and its effect was superior to that of baicalin alone.</p>

Expression of TLR2 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and its correlation with interleukin-8 and tumor necrosis factor-α in patients with acne vulgaris / 中华皮肤科杂志

Objective To explore the role of Toll like receptor 2 (TLR2) in the pathogenesis of acne vulgaris. Methods Venous blood was collected from 30 normal human controls and 90 patients with acne vulgaris. The patients were equally divided into three groups, i.e., mild, moderate and severe groups, according to disease severity. Flow cytometry was performed to detect the expression of TLR2 in PBMCs, and double antibody sandwich ELISA to measure the levels of serum interleukin-8 (IL-8) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). Results A significant increase was observed in the expression of TLR2 in PBMCs, serum level of IL-8and TNF-α in the three groups of patients with acne vulgaris compared with the normal human controls (all P ＜0.01). The expression of TLR2 was positively correlated with the expression of IL-8 (r=0.382, 0.517,0.436,respectively, all P＜0.05) and TNF-α(r=0.641, 0.725, 0.593, respectively, all P＜0.05) in the patients with mild, moderate and severe acne vulgaris, respectively, and with the severity of acne vulgaris (r = 0.406,P＜0.01 ). Conclusion The expression level of TLR2 and related cytokines seems closely correlated with the severity of acne vulgaris.

Effect of prenatal heroin exposure on p-ERK1/2 expression in the prefrontal lobe cortex, hippocampus and nucleus accumbens in mice / 中国当代儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the expression of phosphorylated-ERK1/2(p-ERK1/2)MAPK in the prefrontal lobe cortex (PFC), hippocampus (HP) and nucleus accumbens (Acb) in mice exposed to heroin in the uterus, and elucidate whether ERK MAPK signal transduction pathway participates in neurobehavioral teratogenicity induced by maternal heroin abuse.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Animal model was established by subcutaneous administration of diacetylmorphine (10 mg/kg.d) to pregnant BALB/c mice on embryonic days 9-18, and their offspring were assigned to heroin and normal saline groups according to the maternal treatment. P-ERK1/2 expression in the PFC, HP and Acb were detected by RT-PCR and Western blot.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The heroin group had body weights similar to the normal saline group after birth. There were no significant differences in the p-ERK1/2 expression in the PFC, HP and Acb between the two groups.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Prenatal exposure to 10 mg/kg heroin altered neither the body weight nor the general development in mice. The ERK1/2 MAPK signal pathway might not be involved in the neurobehavioral teratogenicity induced by prenatal heroin exposure.</p>

Research about the indication of intermittent urethral catheterization for patients with spinal cord injury / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective To know the indication for patients with spinal cord injury during the course of intermittent urethral catheterization.Methods Divided 33 patients with spinal cord injury into the experimental group(18 cases)and control group(15 cases)randomly.The indication of beginning in the experiment group was less than 500 ml transfusion per day,without press ulcer,more than 150 ml bladder capacity.The indication in the control group was＞28 cm H2O pressure of bladder.Compared the effects between the two groups.Results The incidence rate of infection in the experiment group was lower than control group,all the indexes of uretharal catheterization were better in the experiment group than those of in the control group.Conclusions The indication of less than 500ml transfusion per day,without press ulcer,more than 150 ml bladder capacity are proper.

Detecting Chromosome Aberrance of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC) in Cytogenetics / 医学研究杂志

Objective Detect chromosome aberrance(number and construction) in OSCC cell .Methods Cell were treated with colchicines and microsometic fluid, and then were expanded with cold acetic acid and formalized with methyl alcohol. After Giemsa staining, the cell were observed under oil microscope and the chromosome karyotype was analyzed. Results The number of OSCC chromosome is between 63~66, and many type of chromosome contruction is aberrant, chromosome break and monocase of chromosome break. The number change is appear in increasing of NO 1、7、16、19、20 and lose in NO 6、9、10、18、21、22, the constructing change in NO 1、2、4、11. Conclusion Analysising chromosome aberrance will be useful in location in chromosome for relative oncogene and suppressor gene.

Experimentul Study on Detecting the Infection Case of Ureaplasma Urealyticum / 医学研究杂志

Objective To analysis the infective case of Ureaplasma urealyticum(Uu)in women pregnancy system,in order to get evidence from medicine sensitive test in UU infection case.Method Use fluorescent quantitative PCR(FQ-PCR)to detect,then provide the medicine according UU-DNA value.After half month,apply the pills the patients stop medicine for 10 days to examine culture and sensitivity test.The positive patients is applied the medicine for half month,examine the UU-DNA after stopping medicine 10 days.Results After one treatment course,51.6% patients turn into negative in culture test.48.4% positive patients turn into negative after one medicine treatment course according to medicine sensitive result.Conclusion The FQ-PCR technique with culture and sensitivity test detect and treat infective case of UU combine is useful to clinical practice.

Preparation and Characterization of Rabbit Anti-human RBBP_(10) Polyclonal Antibody / 医学研究杂志

Objective To prepare rabbit anti-human RBBP10 polyclonal antibody and then character them.Methods New Zealand rabbit was immunized with RBBP10 protein,Polyclonal antiserum was analyzed by ELISA and Western blot.Results The titer of the antiserum obtained in this experiment determined by ELISA was up to 1∶16000 and the sensitivity was at least 10?g/?l.Western blot results show the antibody has high specificity.Conclusions Preparation the Rabbit anti-human RBBP10 Polyclonal antibody in this method is successfully,The expression of the RBBP10 protein in tumor can be detected in immunohistochemistry method,it is useful.

Purification of Rabbit Anti-human RBBP10 Polyclonal Antibody / 医学研究杂志

Objective To purify rabbit anti-hRBBP10 polyclonal antibody.Methods The recombinant fusion protein PTC-hRBBP10 was expressed in the E.coli and was purified through amylose resin chromatography column and superose 12 gel fitration .The purified PTC-hRBBP10 was coupled to the NHS-activated sepharoseTM to prepare affinity chromatography column to purify rabbit anti-hRBBP10 polyclonal antibody. Results ① PTC-hRBBP10 was expressed and purified successfully with relative molecular mass(Mr) of 80?103 and its purity could reach about 95%.② Purified Rabbit anti-hRBBP10 polyclonal antibody could bind Specifically to PTC-hRBBP10.Conclusions With better specificity, The purified rabbit anti-hRBBP10 polyclonal antibody provide condition for studying the function of the protein, and helps to develop new techniques of tumor diagnosis and treatment.